Publications

You can also find my publications and citation information on my Google Scholar profile.

Book

Armstrong, David A., Ryan Bakker, Royce Carroll, Christopher Hare, Keith T. Poole, and Howard Rosenthal. 2020. Analyzing Spatial Models of Choice and Judgment with R, 2nd ed. Chapman and Hall/CRC Press.

Journal Articles

de la Cerda, Nico, Ryan Bakker, Seth Jolly, Jonathan Polk, Ruth Dassonneville, Jelle Koedam, Patrick Leslie, and Jill Sheppard. 2026. “A Global Scale of Economic Left-Right Party Positions: Cross-National and Cross-Expert Perceptions of Party Placements.” The Journal of Politics 88(4).

Rovny, Jan, Jonathan Polk, Ryan Bakker, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2025. “The 2024 Chapel Hill Expert Survey on Political Party Positioning in Europe: Twenty-Five Years of Party Positional Data.” Electoral Studies 97: 102981.

Zur, Roi and Ryan Bakker. 2025. “The Israeli Parties’ Positions in Comparative Perspective.” Party Politics 31(2): 323–334.

Hooghe, Liesbet, Gary Marks, Ryan Bakker, Seth Jolly, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2024. “The Russian Threat and the Consolidation of the West: How Populism and EU-Skepticism Shape Party Support for Ukraine.” European Union Politics 25(3): 459–482.

Taylor, Zach, Jack Lucas, David Armstrong, and Ryan Bakker. 2024. “The Development of the Urban-Rural Cleavage in Anglo-American Democracies.” Comparative Political Studies 57(8): 1339–1374.

Martinez-Gallardo, C., Nico de la Cerda, Jonathan Hartlyn, Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks, and Ryan Bakker. 2023. “Revisiting Party System Structuration in Latin America and Europe: Economic and Socio-Cultural Dimensions.” Party Politics 29(4): 780–792.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2022. “Analyzing the Cross-National Comparability of Party Positions on the Socio-Cultural and EU Dimensions in Europe.” Political Science Research and Methods 10(2): 408–418.

Jolly, Seth, Bakker, Ryan, Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2022. “Chapel Hill Expert Survey Trend File, 1999–2019.” Electoral Studies 75.

Rovny, Jan, Ryan Bakker, Liesbet Hooghe, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2022. “Contesting Covid: The Ideological Bases of Partisan Responses to the Covid-19 Pandemic.” European Journal of Political Research 61(4): 1155–1164.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2021. “Multidimensional Incongruence, Political Disaffection, and Support for Anti-Establishment Parties.” Journal of European Public Policy 27(2): 292–309.

Clay, K. Chad, Anne-Marie Brook, Daniel W. Hill, Ryan Bakker, and Amanda Murdie. 2020. “Using Practitioner Surveys to Measure Human Rights: The Human Rights Measurement Initiative’s Civil and Political Rights Metrics.” Journal of Peace Research 57(6): 715–727.

Struthers, Cory, Chris Hare, and Bakker, Ryan. 2020. “Bridging the Pond: Measuring Policy Positions in the United States and Europe.” Political Science Research and Methods 8(4): 677–691.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2018. “Multidimensional Incongruence and Vote Switching in Europe.” Public Choice 176(1–2): 267–296.

Justwan, Florian, Ryan Bakker and Jeffrey Berejikian. 2018. “Measuring Social Trust and Trusting the Measure.” Social Science Journal 55(2): 149–159.

Polk, Jonathan, Jan Rovny, Ryan Bakker, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Jelle Koedam, Filip Kostelka, Gary Marks, Gijs Schumacher, Marco Steenbergen, Milida Vachudova, and Marko Zilovic. 2017. “Explaining the Salience of Anti-Elitism and Reducing Political Corruption for Political Parties in Europe with the 2014 Chapel Hill Expert Survey Data.” Research & Politics 4(1): 1–9.

Bakker, Ryan, Daniel W. Hill, and Will H. Moore. 2016. “How Much Terror? Dissidents, Governments, Institutions and the Cross-National Study of Terror Attacks.” Journal of Peace Research 53(5): 711–726.

Hare Christopher, David Armstrong, Bakker, Ryan, Royce Carroll, and Keith Poole. 2015. “Using Bayesian Aldrich-McKelvey Scaling to Study Citizens’ Ideological Preferences and Perceptions.” American Journal of Political Science 59(3).

Bakker, Ryan, Catherine de Vries, Erica Edwards, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2015. “Measuring Party Positions in Europe: The Chapel Hill Expert Survey Trend File, 1999–2010.” Party Politics 21(1): 143–152.

Bakker, Ryan, Erica Edwards, Seth Jolly, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, and Marco Steenbergen. 2014. “Anchoring the Experts: Using Vignettes to Compare Party Ideology across Countries.” Research & Politics 1(3).

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, Jonathan Polk, and Keith Poole. 2014. “The European Common Space: Using Anchoring Vignettes to Scale Party Positions across Europe.” Journal of Politics 76(4): 1089–1101.

Crepaz, Markus, Jonathan Polk, Ryan Bakker, and Shane Singh. 2014. “Trust Matters: The Orbits of Primordial and Cosmopolitan Trust.” Social Science Quarterly 95(4): 938–959.

Bakker, Ryan and Joe Weinberg. 2014. “Let Them Eat Cake: Food Prices, Domestic Policy, and Social Unrest.” Journal of Conflict Management and Peace Science 31(3): 1–18.

Bakker, Ryan and Keith Poole. 2013. “Bayesian Multi-Dimensional Scaling.” Political Analysis 21(1): 125–140.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2012. “Complexity in the European Party Space: Exploring Dimensionality with Experts.” European Union Politics 13(2): 219–245.

Bakker, Ryan and Joe Weinberg. 2012. “Betting the Farm on Higher Food Prices: A Consumer Based Approach to Agriculture Protection.” Social Science Journal 49(2): 191–201.

Hooghe, Liesbet, Ryan Bakker, Anna Brigevich, Catherine De Vries, Erica Edwards, Gary Marks, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2010. “Reliability and Validity of the 2002 and 2006 Chapel Hill Expert Surveys on Party Positioning.” European Journal of Political Research 49(4): 687–703.

Bakker, Ryan. 2009. “Re-Measuring Left-Right: A Comparison of SEM and Bayesian Approaches for Extracting Latent Dimensions from Political Texts.” Electoral Studies 28(3): 413–421.

Marks, Gary, Liesbet Hooghe, Marco Steenbergen, and Ryan Bakker. 2007. “Cross-Validating Data on Party Positioning on European Integration.” Electoral Studies 26(1): 23–38.

Button, Jim, Barbara Rienzo, and Ryan Bakker. 2006. “White Women and Affirmative Action: A Study in Six Florida Cities.” Social Science Journal 43(2): 297–302.

Book Chapters

Bakker,Ryan and Sara Hobolt. 2013. “Measuring Party Positions.” In Political Choice Matters: Explaining the Strength of Class and Religious Cleavages in Cross-National Perspective, edited by Geoffrey Evans and Nan Dirk de Graaf. Oxford University Press.

Bakker, Ryan, Will Moore, and Daniel Hill. 2014. “Modeling Terror Attacks: A Cross-National, Out-of-Sample Study.” In Understanding Terrorism: A Socio-Economic Perspective, edited by Raul Caruso and Andrea Locatelli. Emerald Group Publishing.

Book Manuscripts

Consequences of Incongruence: Party Competition and Political Representation in Europe. With Seth Jolly and Jonathan Polk. Under contract with Cambridge Elements.

The Cross-National Correlates of Domestic Terror Attacks. With Will Moore, Ryan Welch, and Daniel Hill. In progress.

Selected Public-Facing Research

Bakker, Ryan, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2024. “How Populism and EU-Skepticism Shape Party Support for Ukraine.” LSE EUROPP.

Bakker, Ryan, Liesbet Hooghe, Seth Jolly, Gary Marks, Jonathan Polk, Jan Rovny, Marco Steenbergen, and Milada Vachudova. 2020. “Who Opposed the EU? Continuity and Change in Party Euroscepticism between 2014 and 2019.” LSE EUROPP.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2015. “What Is Making It So Difficult for Greece’s Ruling Coalition to Govern Effectively?” The Washington Post, Monkey Cage.

Bakker, Ryan, Seth Jolly, and Jonathan Polk. 2015. “Mapping Europe’s Party Systems: Which Parties Are the Most Right-Wing and Left-Wing in Europe?” LSE EUROPP.